Remuneration As A Managers Tool To Motivation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 4999 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? This dissertation is based on a concept of human resource management, which is an important aspect for the success of the firm. The research topic of this dissertation is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Investigate the impact of Remuneration to motivate employees in the Fast Food Industry: A Case Study of McDonaldà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Remuneration is one of the main tools to appraise the performances of the employees, which ultimately motivates them to work with zeal and enthusiasm. This topic is mainly focused that managers uses remuneration as a tool of motivation. Case study of McDonalds will help to evaluate the importance of remuneration as an important tool for managers to motivate employees. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Remuneration As A Managers Tool To Motivation" essay for you Create order Introduction Remuneration is directly or indirectly one of the mainsprings of the motivation in the society. A well defined compensation system leads to motivate the employees, which further leads to increase productivity (Chi and Han 2008). This research study mainly focuses on the relationship between remuneration and motivation. Yermack (2004) has asserted in his study that all the business organizations act like a profit maximization institution, so they put their efforts to improve performance of its employees by motivating them. This motivation ultimately helps the organizations to increase productivity level. Work motivation is interrelated with job satisfaction. Money often is looked upon as a means of fulfilling the most basic needs of man. These needs are made available through the purchasing power provided by monetary income: remuneration and salary of individual (Stajkovic and Luthans 2003). According to different motivation theories, such as Maslowà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s Need Hierarchy, Two factor theory given by Herzbergà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s, McGregorà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s theory X and theory Y, Achievement Theory, Taylorà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s Motivational Theory, etc. Money is one of the main sources to persuade the behaviour of an individual towards his organization and work productivity (Wheeler 2008). Thus, it is necessary for the corporate executives or managers to be aware with the economical and social background of employees to offer good remunerations as per their talent and skills and motivate them to work. The general meaning of remuneration is the basic salary or pay of an employee, but in the broader sense, remuneration comprises salary, fringe benefits, com pensation, bonus, commissions, employee stock option, etc. (Guedri and Hollandts 2008). In the current business scenario, managing and motivating human resources has become a complicated task. In this highly changing and competitive environment, remuneration is one of the main tools for the manager to improve the productivity of the employees, to attract competent personnel, to retain present employees, to reduce the rate of absents and employee turnover, to manage job sequences, to strengthen union management relationships, to improve public image of the company, etc. (Perry, Mesch and Paarlberg 2006). This research study would target the remuneration procedure in fast food industry of the United States of America, by using McDonalds, worldà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s number one fast food restaurant. Presently, the structure of fast food industry has become complicated and its success is mainly dependent upon the qualified and talented employees, who are able to understand the changing needs and requirements of the customers. Competitive pressure and environmental changes has increased the importance of motivational practices for managers to boost the performance of the employees. This dissertation will focus on the issue that how managers of McDonalds use remuneration practices to motivate the employees and creating competitive advantages in the industry. Additionally, this dissertation will also discuss the interrelationship between remuneration and motivation with the help of different motivation theories. Research Aims and Objectives During this research work, the researcher would examine the need and importance of motivation tools for the managers and how remuneration would help the managers to motivate employees in McDonalds. The main objectives, which are coming out of this research, are as follow: ? The foremost objective of this dissertation is to identify the impact of remuneration practices on the performance of the employees in the fast food industry. ? Second objective of this research study is to identify the relationship between remuneration and motivation, on the basis of different motivational theories. ? Next objective is to understand the remuneration practices and procedures used by managers in McDonalds to motivate the employees. ? Another objective of this research dissertation is to compare performances of employees in McDonalds with its rival companies to identify the importance of and advantages remuneration to motivate the employees. ? Additionally, suggesting different strategies and practices to compensate employees as per remuneration act is also one of the main objectives of this study. Background Information McDonalds is one of the biggest fast food family restaurants, which operates in more than 120 countries and serve more than 47 million customers in a day (McDonalds: About Company, 2010). It doles out some of the favourite foods all around the world like World Famous French Fries, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder, Chicken McNuggets and Egg McMuffin. Success of the firm is highly dependent upon its HRM practices and efforts put by its managers and employees. All the HR policies of the companies are defined very clearly for the benefit of all stakeholders. The main aim of the HRM department of the company is to offer best services to the customers by ensuring that the company has skilled, motivated and committed employees. Remuneration practices used by the firm are also very good and effective and based on various motivational theories. Remuneration is not a new concept for the business organizations. In the corporate world, all the members from owner to lower level employees work for money. Not only in MNCs but also in small shops, everybody wants high remuneration and financial incentives to fulfil their basic needs, thus, it is necessary to work hard to improve the productivity of the employees and earn more money (Yermack 2004). Corporate world has become competitive, in this concern, top executive and managers uses management practices and motivational theories to enhance the skills and productivity of the employees and earn high money. Thus, fair remuneration practise are used by the managers. This creates a feeling of satisfaction among employees to fulfil their needs (Chi and Han 2008). According to the assumptions of motivation, compensation and incentive is direct tool to motivate employees. Managers in McDonalds have taken a complete overview of this concept and motivate employees by offering good remuneration and performance incentives. Presently, companies are following the system of paying for performance. Qualification and experience are also important but work performance enables employees to get good remuneration (Perry, Mesch and Paarlberg 2006). For example, if a marketing manager is highly qualified but he is not able to conduct a market research effectively and his working output is very low, company would not give a high remuneration and other financial incentives to him. On the other hand, if a sales executive has average qualification and he serve more number of customers by showing his abilities and maintaining good relations with them; he would be definitely promoted by the company and would get monetary rewards also (Wheeler 2008). Thus, it is very clear that money matters for all the employees, whether they are at high position or belongs to middle and lower levels. Remuneration requires by all the employees to fulfil their basic needs and non-monetary and monetary rewards and compensation are also given by the firm to develop job satisfaction and control the rate of employee turnover (Guedri and Hollandts 2008). Thus, this research study would focus on McDonalds, which has effective HR and compensation policies to pay its employees and motivate them to put their best efforts to achieve the goals and objectives of the firm. Literature Review Motivation is a process to push employees towards some work in order to satisfy a need. Most of people work to reach some specified goals. It is the reason that motivation is goal-directed drive that causes to person to act. Mathis and Jackson (2008) defined that need, desire; want and drive all are similar to motivation. They described that understanding of motivation is important for organizations as reaction to compensation. Compensation and motivation are directly proportional to each other (Ajila and Abiola 2004). Performance of employees, rate of absenteeism and turnover are affected by motivation and remuneration and also influenced to motivation. Managers can use different motivational tools to motivate their employees and remuneration is one of main tools among all of them. Remuneration can be defined as the monetary motivation tool that influences the behaviour of employees towards work (Armstrong, Murlis and Group 2007). In the words of Perry, Mesch and Paarlberg (2006) each employee should receive a general compensation for their efforts, role and responsibilities followed by him in the company. Before deciding a form and amount of remuneration, several considerations are there such as general economic climate, specific business condition, cost-of living and worker qualification and productivity that a firm must consider (Carraher 2011). Different authors described about the relationship between remuneration and motivation. In order to support this relationship, Mathis and Jackson (2008) stated that remuneration is different from motivation and it is related with Herzbergà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s hygiene factors. Remuneration include s several things such as bonuses, commission, salary, fringe benefits such as pensions, holiday entitlement. The study of Chapman and Kelliher (2011) represent that employees motivation does not only come from decision mix (amount of pay) of an organization policy but also it comes from the understanding of individuals. The remuneration of an employee depends on several factors such as basic needs, psychological needs, social needs, performance of individual, productivity, profitability return, etc. (Khan, Farooq and Ullahb 2010). In favour of this, Kmiotek and Lewicka (2008) stated that effective motivation does not only involves proper implementation of remuneration policy but also involves some other motivators such as organization of work, HR development and training, performance management tools, performance appraisal, etc. According to the HR experts, creation of effective reward system is necessary to motivate employees but there is a need of good and enthusiastic managers, who can drive people towards good performance. In order to create an effective motivation process, it is necessary that there should be an appropriate remuneration policy for employees (Kubr 2002). According to Ajila and Abiola (2004) there are two types of rewards such as intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic rewards are related with the rewards that are natural with job. This reward is achieved by individuals when they successfully achieve their own objectives. On the other hand, extrinsic rewards are outside the job such as working condition, security, promotion, working environment and service contact. Presently, in order to motivate employees, both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards should be a part of remuneration policy. It is also well discussed that individuals effectively work to the extent for the job, which provides them remuneration if they are intrinsically motivated. In contrast to this, if people are extrinsically motivated, they effectively work to the extent by which they can attain external rewards from the job (Chapman and Kelliher 2011). Thus, it can be concluded that if the remuneration is intrinsic to the job, desire for motivation is also intrinsic or if the remuneration is extrinsic to the job, desire for motivation is also extrinsic to the job (Ajila and Abiola 2004). Perry, Mesch and Paarlberg (2006) stated in their research study that in this new government era, in order to increase the performance and productivity of the employees, managers should adopt good remuneration policies. This will ultimately help the business organizations to offer quality services and products to the customers (Maxwell 2008). It is the reason that most of employers now use remuneration policies to attract, motivate, retain and satisfy employees. It is founded through different research that performance-based remuneration motivates employees to work hard (Ajila and Abiola 2004). The study of Khan, Farooq and Ullahb (2010) support the arguments of Ajila and Abiola (2004) and said that in an effective rewards system, there are several factors that influences the performance of employees such as basic remuneration, bonus, incentives, fringe benefits, monetary and non monetary rewards, commission, etc. All these factors are good sources to boost the performance of the employees. Carraher (2011) defined that remuneration helps in developing strong relationship between employers and employees. It is founded by researchers that employees motivate through different monetary remuneration and an effective remuneration helps in reducing absenteeism, turnover intentions, provides organizational attractiveness to different job seekers and also helps in increasing employeesà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ job performance (Kmiotek and Lewicka 2008). It has been stated by Guedri and Hollandts (2008) in their study that managers in different organizations consider remuneration as a major factor that helps in increasing productivity of employees. Remuneration is an important tool that focuses on motivating employeesà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ performance and behaviour. The study of Employee retention and organizational performance (2011) also support the views of Carraher (2011) and asserted, it is necessary that there must be appropriate rewards in order to satisfy and motivate employees. In contrast to both Carraher (2011) and Employee retention and organizational performance (2011), Mathis and Jackson (2008) said that other factors such as job itself, participation, appropriate feedbacks, morale and discipline are more important than remuneration that impact on remuneration. According to Blythe (2005), in the present competitive environment, job satisfaction is more important than money, thus, manager should concentrate on all non-monetary factors, promotions, health insurance, rewards systems, etc. Zyl (2010) has stated in his research study that there is a positive relation between labour productivity and employee remuneration, which is also supported by Carraher (2011). It is the reason that greater the employee remuneration, higher the level of labour productivity. Several reasons support this fact such as if an organization adopts more differentiate remuneration, it will enhance the human efforts and a higher remuneration structure also enhances the productivity of employees (Montana and Charnov 2008). At the same time Zyl (2010) also assesrted that if gaps between employee remuneration is regularly increase, it would ultimately increases gap and convert positive relations between employeesà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ performance and remuneration into negative. There are several reasons such as if it is filled by employees that their real remuneration is less than the fair remuneration, it can cause for negative relationship. Kubr (2002) Stated that an effective remuneration system does not only enhance the performance of people, who are already working well but also it is used to enhances the performance of people who are not performing well. Remuneration play an important role in motivating employees but different employeesà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ motivate through different factors. An effective remuneration package includes several elements. These elements are as below: First, element is salary that includes different things such as pay, commission, profit related pay and share dividends. Second element is related with different facilities such as insurance, healthcare schemes and pension. Other elements are availability of discounts on companiesà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ product and service for employees and subsidiary for meals and accommodation (Kubr 2002). Salais and Villeneuve (2004) support, Kubr (2002) and said that remuneration is a better tool to motivate employees for better performance. There are three basic remuneration components such as bonuses, basic pay and profit-sharing schemes that influence the performance of employees. Armstrong, Murlis and Group (2007) described about the effectiveness of remuneration as a mean of motivation such as: ? In order to motivate employees through remuneration, it is necessary that remuneration should be equitable and externally competitive. ? Contribution systems and pay for performance system are created on the basis and understanding that directs that motivation is only takes place when the rewards are worthwhile. ? Each employee understands about the workings of financial reward system and about the benefits that is provided by it. They also know about the skills and competences of remuneration system (Murlis and Hay Group 2007). In the fast food industry, remuneration is an important part that managers use to motivate employees and enhance their productivity level. In contrast to this statement Schlosser (2001) defined that if there are lack of secure employment and good wages in fast food organization, managers use à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½team spirit in order to motivate employees by saying that, if one employee is arriving late and do not work hard, it also affects the performance of their friends as well as their co-workers. It also helps in motivating employees, so that they can improve their performanceà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. It has been also defined that employees work only to increase their profits and this is the reason that if organizations provide more remuneration to the employees, it helps in generating more output (Wales and Reaich 2004). Development of an employee is directly proportional to the development of the organization. If the remuneration is directly related with work performance, employee will work hard. It is the reason that most of managers use remuneration to motivate employees. Managers clearly stated in their organizations policies that if employees work hard they can earn higher profits and it is the reason that employees are motivated through this policy. Good return and high profit will allow the organizations to hare the profit with employees, thus they should work hard to get good remuneration (Yermack 2004). Zyl (2010) has been also found in their research that if employees are motivated through remuneration, there are two positive effects of this such as it helps in reducing the labour turnover from organizations and it also helps in enhancing the more salary and good working environment. Thus, it is fact that it helps in generating a productive team of efficient and talented people for the enterprise (Wales and Reaich 2004). According to them remuneration as a managerial tool to motivate employees is important for several reasons. These reasons are as below: ? Remuneration is a tool to impartial measurement of different employees. It is because if employees get more facility instead of money, it does not motivate employees to work harder. ? With the increment in salary, employees can maintain their honour, prestige and ensure economic security (Wales and Reaich 2004). ? They also argued that remuneration is a more efficient motivating factor as it can easily increase or decrease according to the proportion of work. ? Remuneration also helps in increasing the self-confidence of employees that further helps in improving the standard of living (Wales and Reaich 2004). Thus, finally it has been concluded in many research studies that remuneration is an important tool that several managers use to increase the performance of their employees. Justification of the Study This research study has its own significance to understand importance of remuneration for the business firms to improve the performances of employees and for the individuals to fulfil their desires. Although this research topic is related with the HRM but it has a broad significance in the society. Remuneration means salary and pay that is paid by employers to its employees. Money is the foremost sources for the well living of individuals, which help them to fulfil their basic needs. Presently, innovations and changes in the economical, social and technological environment have enhanced the living standard of individuals (Mathis and Jackson 2008). Money allows them to enjoy a lavish life and raise their social standard, thus, this research topic is very much beneficial for the managers to understand that how remuneration practices enables them to motivate employees to work with zeal and enthusiasm. The main reason behind selecting the fast food industry and McDonalds is the popularity. Growth and success of fast food industry attract individuals to earn good remuneration. McDonalds provide good remuneration to its employees, who develop high level of job satisfaction among the employees; thus, this example would provide valid and true information. Although job satisfaction and enrichment is also important for the development of the employees, but money has also its own importance. This research study would be beneficial for all kinds of firms such as international, MNCs, small and medium size firms, to improve the productivity of the employees. Managers would also able to understand the significance of remuneration tool to boost the morale of employees and motivate them to achieve the goals on time. Research methodology Research methodology can be discussed as a systematic process, which assists researchers to collect, organize, record, and evaluate the data and information to resolve the problem and draw a valid and reliable conclusion (Bordens 2006). Selection of research methodology is a significant task for the researcher. In order to select suitable methodology, firstly, researcher would use appropriate approach. Research Approach: There are mainly two kinds of research approaches inductive and deductive. Inductive Research Approach: In this kind of research, theories are developed according to the situation or problem (Crowther and Lancaster 2008). All these theories enable the researcher to explain data and information. This is very flexible in nature and based on bottom up approach. In this kind of approach, researcher evaluates a main concept and generalizes this view as per the research problem. It is related to the interpretivism point of view (Gill and Johnson 2002). On the other hand, this kind of research approach also involves some extent of uncertainty. Deductive Research Approach: Deductive research approach is mainly based on the positivism paradigm. In this kind of approach, research develops theories and hypothesis and tests these theories with the help of empirical observations. This approach is top to bottom approach in which researcher evaluates general views to reach at specific situation (Hyde 2000). The suitable research approach for this study would be inductive because this research focuses on the specific areas of human resource management, which are remuneration and employees motivation. Both of these concepts have their own significance in the success of a company as well as individuals. Thus, this research approach is more appropriate to explore the effectiveness of remuneration to motivate the employees and improve their productivity (Burke 2007). Deductive research approach would not be used because HRM has not given any kind of theory to defined remuneration. Basically, this is a pay given by companies to the employees for their job performance that can be used to develop a hypothesis for the research study. Appropriate Research Methodology: There are numerous research methodologies such as theoretical, applied, analytical, descriptive and empirical. Selection of research methodology would be based on the nature of research problem. In order to select the appropriate research method, it is essential to understand the nature of the research problem. The suitable research methodology for this research topic would be descriptive and applied research methodology. The main reason behind choosing this methodology is its advantage of identifying population characteristics (number of employees to collect primary data) in McDonalds to understand the impotence of remuneration to motivate employees and develop feeling of job satisfaction among them. It is a flexible methodology in which researcher uses several variables and lot of information to solve the problem or to achieve research objectives. It has flexible nature, which comprises both qualitative and quantitative research process (Cooper and Schindler 2007). We are not using other research methodologies because they are not appropriate for this study. In theoretical research, there is lack of experimental analysis and in analytical research there is a restriction of theoretical background (Goddard and Melville 2004). On the other hand, empirical research methodology is highly based on observation and field data rather than theoretical. Thus all these methodologies are not well appropriate for this study. In descriptive and applied research methodologies, the research got a chance to use both concepts and observational method. Both of these methods are also beneficial to manage cost and time (Marczyk, DeMatteo and Festinger 2005). Data Collection Method to collect Primary and Secondary Data: After deciding research approaches and methodologies, appropriate data collection method would also be selected. In order to investigate impact of remuneration and different motivational tools on the performance of employees in McDonalds, we would focus on two different types of methods. Primary research and secondary research are two different types. In order to complete this research study, the propose research types are primary as well as secondary. Primary research type comprises observations, survey and interviews through questionnaires, whereas secondary research methods comprises evaluation of reliable academic articles and published studies that are previously done by other researchers (Scruggs and Mastropieri 2006). Questionnaire can be defined as a set of some important questions that are related to the research problem. In order to collect primary data, a set of questionnaire would be used to conduct a survey process. Some well defined questions would be e-mailed to the participants in the form of questionnaire, so that it will be easy for the researcher to get back the responses of participants and carry out the research study in a systematic way. This is a suitable way to collect important qualitative data, which comprises low cost and also free from discrimination (Stead 2001). On the other hand, this research methodology has also some restrictions such as dully filled questionnaires, lack of reliability on data, low rate of return, etc. This kind of research strategy can be used only in the situation when the participants are well educated and collaborates (Bordens 2006). In case of this research study, the research would target the employees of McDonalds, who are well qualified and experienced to understand the importance of research topic for their personal, social and organizational welfare. In order to minimize the chances of discrimination, an observation methodology would also used. The information gathered by researcher at his personal level would be observed through graphical and tabular presentation to manage the thematic analysis (Crowther and Lancaster 2008). In order to collect secondary data and information variety of academic journal would be analyzed after assessing their credibility. Most of the portion of this research study would be based on the secondary data. Primary data would be used for a limited extent because it is really difficult to select appropriate participants and contact with all the participants for their valid and reliable response. By using secondary data and information, it would be easy for the researcher to enhance the credibility of the research (Cooper and Schindler 2007). Apart from research articles, companies report, different case studies would also be used. The researcher philosophy for this study would interpretive, which provide subjective reasoning according to the secondary data and real life examples (Scruggs and Mastropieri 2006). Justification of Research Methodology Both primary and secondary research methods are used to collect data, which are questionnaire, observation and review of academic journals. All these methodologies would be beneficial for this study to find the real facts and figures. According to the inductive research approach and descriptive and applied research methodologies, these are absolutely suitable strategies for this dissertation. The main aim of the researcher is to understand the impact of remuneration and motivational practices on employee performances by minimizing the errors, thus all these strategies would be beneficial to reach at the valid conclusion (Silverman 2004). Survey through questionnaire and observation method has many advantages and it is very much useful for the researcher to understand the real life situations to achieve the objectives of this research study. Survey through questionnaire is a very efficient technique to collect data and information from a large number of populations. In this research study, researcher has selected a small sample size, which gives an idea to him for the large population, thus both survey and observation methodology would be appropriate (Marczyk, DeMatteo and Festinger 2005). It is valid and reliable research methodology, through which research can study beliefs, attitude and behavior of employees and managers due to different remuneration packages. In questionnaire and observation method, extent of subjectivity and discrimination is limited. On the other hand, secondary research method enables researcher to evaluate the subjectivity of the research topic. Ethical Consideration In order to conduct any research study, it is necessary for the researcher to concentrate on the research ethics and integrity. Without ethics and integrity, research study has no value. This research study would also be conducted on ground of ethical boundaries, which ultimately help the researcher to achieve consistent and dependable result. Following ethics in research also shows the concern and responsibility of the researcher towards society and corporate environment (Resnik n.d.). The researcher would develop a code of ethics with the help of corporate lawyer. The researcher would establish ethical guidelines according to the law and regulations. Conducting an unethical research will ultimately lead confusions for the society and readers, which would waste the effort and hard work of the researcher (Ethics in Research 2010). The code of ethics would lead surety about the safety and security of data and information. The researcher would ensure the participants that he would not disclose their personal and professionals information. Researcher, his team and all the participants would follow integrity, honesty and dependability to conclude and authentic result. The researcher will record all the information to in hard copies and soft copies to by accessing passwords and security codes (Resnik n.d.). Researcher would follow non-discrimination practices to collect and evaluate primary and secondary data. Possible information sources In order to collect secondary data to accomplish the research and achieve the objectives, different sources would be used by the researcher. These sources are academic journal articles, books, authentic and academic web sources, company websites, different database sources such as Willey, JSTOR, EBCOHost, Emerald, etc. All these database sources would provide recent and reliable journal and academic articles. Potential difficulties and Research Limitations All the potential difficulties of the research cannot be foreseen but some highlighted difficulties are the time and cost constraints. Successful completion of this research study is also associated with some limitations. All these limitation can consider difficulties to conduct research effectively. Survey through questionnaire and observation methods need enough time to give valid conclusion. It may be possible that research have limited time to collected data (Cooper and Schindler 2007). Budget and cost limitations are also a problem for the researcher to use effective tools and technologies. Observational method needs effective techniques and budget limit would be a problem for the researcher. Lack of ability to analyze authentic data will also be a limitation for the successful accomplishment of the research. Data Analysis and Findings Data analysis and finding are also one of the important steps of a research study. With the help of research methodology and strategies, data would be collect. In order to analyze this data, research would accomplish a thematic framework analysis. This thematic analysis would be based on posteriori and priori themes. Both of these themes would enable the research to give a valid result and conclusion of this research topic. Schedule or time scale Appendix A would provide a time scale for this research study.

Marijuana Should Be Legalized For Medicinal Purposes Essay

Attention getter: Do you suffer from pain, migraines, eating disorders or other sicknesses? If so, you may want to consider marijuana as a treatment. Central Idea: Marijuana should be legalized for medicinal purposes. Significance to the audience: This is important to all of use because many of us are misinformed about marijuana and are unaware of its beneficial properties. Preview of main points: Today I will tell you about why marijuana should be legalized. Body: I. What exactly is marijuana? A) Marijuana is a leafy plant which grows wild in many of the tropic and temperate nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;areas of the world. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1) It is also cultivated both indoors and out for the production of its†¦show more content†¦II. Marijuana should be legalized for many reasons. A) Prohibition of marijuana must be weighed against the loss of personal freedom. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1) Countries have a responsibility to respect individual free will and the right of nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;self-determination B) Legal prohibition does not stop consumers from consuming drugs, it does not stop nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;trafficants from producing and selling it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1) The price of the final product increases to abnormally high values because of the nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;black market status. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;2) With the effects of drug addiction causes users to commit crimes in order to nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;fund their addiction. C) Critics of the War on Drugs support the partial or complete decriminalization of nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;illegal drugs, combined with a system of regulation, such as the case with alcohol nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;and prescription drugs. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1) By providing legal supplies of currently illegal drugs the price will fall, leading nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;to a collapse in the illegal drug industry, and a reduction in crimes committed by nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;both drug suppliers and users. D) It is notShow MoreRelatedEssay about Marijuana Should Be Legalized for Medicinal Purposes1972 Words   |  8 PagesMarijuana Should Be Legalized for Medicinal Purposes How would most Americans react if the law allowed the use of heroin, LSD, or amphetamines for medical purposes? Many of us would react in disbelief mainly because of the effects of these powerful and addictive drugs. 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However, with the use of such an illegal drug come consequencesRead MoreEssay about Marijuana Legislation: Marijuana Should Be Legalized1119 Words   |  5 Pagestruly understand why marijuana should be legalized by the federal government, one must have some background knowledge of the medicinal herb. Cannabis, most commonly known as marijuana, originated in China for purely medicinal purposes. The plant later spread to India, Europe, and, finally, made its way to North America. Cannabis was first used as hemp rope and fabric, and by the 18th century marijuana began to be recognized and used in the pharmaceutical industry. However, marijuana became illegal justRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?895 Words   |  4 Pages Should marijuana be legalized? In the eyes of some American s, marijuana is one of the biggest enemies in today’s society. Since alcohol and tobacco, both a life threatening substances are legal, it is only right to question, why marijuana is illegal. When speaking of the legalization of marijuana, it is important to identify which facts pertaining to marijuana use are stereotypes, truths, and egregious slander. Many people that have never been exposed to the plant have preconceived notionsRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen debating among themselves whether or not marijuana should be legalized in America. Marijuana is a drug that can be smoked or eaten. It is grown from the ground and gives the user a sense of a hallucinogenic high. It goes by many names such as Mary Jane, kush, grass, weed, pot, green, cannabis, hemp, or chronic. Some say that marijuana is not as bad as alcohol. Some say that marijuana is safe. Some hippies say that marijuana is natural and should be spread throughout the world. It is debated

Blending of Renaissance and Reformation in Paradise Lost Essay Example For Students

Blending of Renaissance and Reformation in Paradise Lost Essay John Milton (1608-1674) is a religious person and a god fearing man. He is also a great writer who wrote in a grand style. As a god fearing man, Milton writes his Paradise Lost, on the basis of religion, Bible and as a great writer he advances his writing in a classical manner. The theme of Paradise Lost is Biblical as it shows the wrongdoing of Adam and Eve by the influence of Satan and the Justice of God for sinners. Milton writes Paradise Lost in such a style which holds classical flavor. So, Milton shows Biblical theme in classical mood. We can also say that Millions mind is shaped and molded by the influence of the Renaissance and the Reformation. On the one hand, he drank deep of classical poetry and philosophy and is inherited all the culture and humanism of the Renaissance and on the other, he has a deeply religious temperament, and is a profound student of the Bible and the literature of the scripture. Thus at the back of Millions mind there are the best fruits of classical scholarship and Biblical learning. He is a lover of art and music, and possesses what may be called an all-round culture of the mind. Besides, he is full of moral and religious earnestness, and possesses all the piety and devotion of a true Christian. He is however, free from the intensely narrow outlook of a fierce Puritan. He combines in himself the humanism of the Renaissance with the spiritual fervor of Puritanism. These two influences mould all his poetic work. Dry. Johnson complained that his Lucidly is an inconsistent mixture of pagan and Christian sentiments. The two elements are no doubt mixed up, but the blending is on the whole harmonious in Lucidly as it is in Paradise Lost. The great epic, as it stands, cannot have been written if the poet has not been equally influenced by Hellenize and Hebraic. The very theme of Paradise Lost shows the Biblical element in Milton. The fact that he chose the Fall of Man as the theme of his great epic shows the fear of God in him: Of mans first disobedience and the fruit Of that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste Brought death into the world, and all our woe, With loss of Eden, till one greater man Paradise Lost: Book-I (01-04) The theme is the most heroic of all great English poems. He based his great work n the story of the Fall of Man, as given in the Bible. To him this story was not fictitious or legendary, but literally and historically true. And in telling the story of Mans first disobedience he set out to Justify the ways of God to man. Whether he succeeded in his aim or not, the fact remains that his ultimate design was to show how man fell through disobedience, and how he could regain the lost Paradise through the grace of God. It was indeed his Puritan character that led him to this theme, but it gave full scope for the expression of his stupendous genius. Though he as introduced wars and adventurous deeds into the body of the epic, according to the classical tradition, the central theme of the poem is disobedience to Gods a spiritual conflict Mans first disobedience. The theme of the epic, thus, is religious; it is based on the Bible. Millions contemporaries had the Bible in their heads and in their hearts, the modern reader must be at least prepared to have it in his hand. Though the theme of the poem is Biblical, it starts with an invocation to the muse which shows classical trend. Traditionally an epic starts with an invocation to the use. In the beginning of an epic, the poet prays to God/ Goddess for the power of writing. Commonly, classical writers used to start their invocation by praying to nine Muse for inspiration to write poetry. Those Muse were Greek God/ Goddess who used to live on the top of Mount Helicon. But Milton breaks the tradition of praying to Greek God/ Goddess. He makes a difference in the prayer. His Muse is divine or heavenly Muse not classical. So, in the invocation to Muse Milton follows the poetic tradition but with a slight variation. He chooses a Christian theme for his poem and Hereford addresses his prayer to a Christian spirit. For this, in Paradise Lost his invocation is to the Heavenly Muse that inspired Moses on the hidden top of Horse or Sinai- and it was Moses who taught first the Israelites how first the Heaven or Earth were created out of chaos. This reveals that Milton is a God fearing man and he justifies the ways of God to man. As prophets are inspired by God, he thinks, he also inspired by God, by Christian spirit. Italian Renaissance Essay ThesisIt is essentially the Hell of the ancient Greeks and Romans which Milton describes where the river of Lathe, Coitus and Styx flow, and it is the Greek Fury, named Medusa who guards the fort. The dreadful figures of Sin and Death are modeled on ancient classical monsters, while Chaos is surrounded by the classical figure of Adds, Arcos and Demonology. This makes us wonder what Milton ally did believe in, but the fact is that the Christian Bible does not supply a clear picture of Hell and is not very definite as regards the geography or population of the lower region. On the other hand, the classical conception was clear-cut, vivid and pictorial and hence Milton did not hesitate to draw boldly from it so that the nakedness and deficiencies of the Puritan conception would be well hidden under gaudy pagan robes. In the style of Paradise Lost again, we find the unmistakable impress of classical scholarship. His use of similes, his use of history and geography, his knowledge of he ancient and modern literature, his love of art and music, his culture and refinement-all point to the influence of the Renaissance and Hellenize on his receptive mind. There is no poetic work so stupendous in its scope, so sublime in its Dryden write: Three poets in three distant ages born Greece, Italy and England did adorn; The first in loftiness of thought surpassed. The second in majesty; in both the last. In the description of hell, Milton says: A dungeon horrible, on all sides round, As one great furnace flams; yet from those flames rankness visible Served only to discover sights of woe, Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace And rest can never dwell, hope never comes That comes to all, but torture without end Still urges, and a fiery deluge, fed With ever-burning sulfur unconsumed. Paradise Lost: Book-I (61-69) No light, but rather A typical Renaissance figure Milton was impregnated with the classics but he equally drew his inspiration from the Bible and from Hebrew lore. His epic shows his familiarity with the literature, history and the lore of medieval and Renaissance Europe. He understood the technique of music, architecture, en gineering, soldiering, astronomy and uses illustration from all of these to add majesty and variety to his work. One of the most significant features of the use he makes of his erudition in the manner in which he adapts classical lore to his Christian purpose and mingles reference to the classical with the use of the Bible and Herbert mythology, I. E. , (1)He is inspired by a Muse (classical) but the Muse is heavenly, the one which inspired Moses: he combines his appeal to the Muse for help with connected appeal to the New Testament of Holy spirit. (2)His Hell is the Genera of the Jews but at the same time the Hades of the Greeks. 3)His devils will be the Gods of Paganism (Palestinian, Egyptian, Greek), and in the remarkable naming section he offers us a full display of his learning in the various mythologies. (4)God-like Zeus uses thunder and is the Thundered. (5)Sin and Death are allegorical figures from Millions Christian imagination, but the description of Sins birth is adapted from the classical accounts of the birth of Palls Athena, while the revolting description of Sin herself is model ed on the count given of Scylla by Ovid and Virgil. 6)The description of the position in space of the Earths Universe-hanging by a golden chain from Heaven is from Homers story of the golden chain of Zeus, etc. Taken Paradise Lost is great by reason of its vast imaginative range, and its deep moral classicism, which gave to the poem its epic form and its imaginative grandeur; while its subject-matter and its moral earnestness are due to the influence of the Reformation with its spirit of Hebraic. So, Milton puts Biblical theme in classical mood.

Poetry Analysis of Common Grounds Essay Example

Poetry Analysis of Common Grounds Paper It was clear that It wasnt a poem about Ewing created equal, but about how people do share that common ground with people they may not have wanted to grow up like. The title Common Ground clearly Indicates that there Is a common bond between people. The deeper meaning would be that people are all connected by their blood and their family ties, and the purpose of this poem Is to express that for the reader. Theres a saying that we all end up Like our parents, and that Its unavoidable, and I think this poem goes along with that saying. The first stanza gives out a general Idea that all of our blood keeps us mumping: its the reason why we live and why we have a story to tell or parents to grow up after. We all have bones that speak in the language of death because we are all eventually going to decay. All of our flesh thins with age and becomes wrinkled. Then Coffer does something strange and mentions, through your pores rises the stuff of your origin. Our origins are whats inside of us, and eventually it is all going to come back out, and its going to be the same with everybody. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry Analysis of Common Grounds specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry Analysis of Common Grounds specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry Analysis of Common Grounds specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second stanza narrows down the authors meaning to her own experiences. She now has her grandmothers mouth, that speaks of pain and deprivation that she has never herself known. While both stanzas have a calmer and more serious tone, I think the second one is what really makes the reader think and creates a darker atmosphere, because it ends with the lines, like arrows pointing downward to our common ground, which indicates that we are all going to eventually die, and we will all go through that, no matter what. This poem definitely makes me feel connected, especially in the first stanza, with the common ground that I already see in myself tit my grandparents. The tone, as I already said, is more serious and almost dark I get the mental image of an aging woman in front of the mirror, pulling and poking at her face and wondering who gave her what gene, and whether or not she approves of It.

Coffee Commodity Chain Essay Example

Coffee Commodity Chain Essay Example Coffee Commodity Chain Paper Coffee Commodity Chain Paper Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Coffee Commodity Chain A commodity chain is a sequential procedure utilized by a business organization to congregate resources, transform the resources into products and finally distribute them as finished commodities to the consumers. It involves linking the numerous places of production and distribution of the commodity. The process, in turn, leads to the commodity being exchanged on the global market. In a much simpler sense, the commodity chain illustrates the connection of different stages from which a good passes from the producers to the consumers. A fine example of such a structured process is the coffee commodity chain. However, interaction of the global economy with the chain only obscures the connections. Origin of Coffee A coffee commodity chain illustrates the series of paths that coffee travels to reach the consumer. However, to understand the connections, it is essential to understand the origins of coffee as a commodity. Coffee, as a commodity, can be linked back to Ethiopia in 1000 AD. The commodity was mainly grown by the Arabs since it was a reserve of the Muslim culture. As an Islamic beverage, coffee was located outside the European global economy. Additionally, coffee drinking was popular in Yemen by the fifteenth century. From there, the practice spread to the north reaching the Arabian Peninsula and Cairo in Egypt. Moreover, at around the same time, coffee was popular in North Africa because of the growth of the Arabica variant in Ethiopia. As demand for the commodity increased, farmers in Yemen commenced with cultivation of the crop in the mid sixteenth century (Topik and Smith, 52). At this time, coffee was a commodity that circulated mostly in the Arab system separate from global economies. The early coffee trade was mainly established on the Port of Mocha in the Red Sea. This was because the main area for the cultivation of the crop was near the port. From the port, the Indian merchants were able to carry the commodity to the east, Egyptian merchants were able to carry it north through the Red Sea while the Arab and Turkish merchants carried it overland through Turkey. Long distance traders from Europe were motivated by considerable profits that could be created by carrying coffee from the port to distant cities that possessed high demand for the commodity. However, the merchants in Mocha also created substantial profits since they benefited from a monopoly on the coffee supply (Topik and Smith, 54). Additionally, the inland merchants achieved monopoly over the supply of the crop by heavy and jealous protection. The spread of coffee, especially in the Islamic cities, led to the change in the material aspects of the citizens, which was evidenced by the creation and rise of the coffeehouse. According to Hattox (90), the coffeehouse was a social venue that characterized the Islamic culture at that time. However, the social aspect of coffee led to the creation of rules and regulations by rulers that deemed the beverage as unacceptable under Islamic law. Once the commodity was established in cities such as Istanbul and Cairo, it was encountered by European travelers who marketed the beverage by word of mouth to their respective countries. The merchants of Venice, who supervised the Mediterranean trade, were the first to transport coffee to Western Europe, around 1600, from Istanbul. The Dutch first imported coffee from Mocha into Amsterdam in 1616. Towards the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Dutch initiated importation of coffee on a grand scale. This was inspired by the growing demand for the commodity as well as opportunities to gain from the trade. The first valid commercial coffee plantings outside Yemen were made by the Dutch in Java and Ceylon (Ukers, 43). Java quickly took over Mocha and became a major source of supply for coffee in the Amsterdam market, the most important in Europe. However, France commenced globalizing coffee cultivation in Paris and Java by the Dutch leading to the spread of the crop in other regions such as North America. The British also introduced coffee in Jamaica in 1730, later becoming a significant producer in the 19th century. The French, on the other hand, introduced the crop to Brazil in the 1720s spreading to other Caribbean, Central and South American countries. After achieving independence in the 1820s, the Latin American countries, led by Brazil, would later become the largest producers of coffee in the world (Ukers, 70). Transformations of Coffee Coffee undergoes various processes of transformation before it becomes the familiar roasted beverage. The first stage is processing. Traditionally, berries have been selectively picked using labor-intensive methods such as handpicking. Usually, handpicking involves selecting the coffee berries that are at the climax of ripeness. After picking, either of two methods are utilized to process the coffee. The first method, dry process, involves strip picking of the coffee berries. The second method, wet process, includes fermentation and produces placid coffee. After sorting the berries by ripeness and color, the flesh is removed by machinery, and fermentation is done to eliminate mucilage in the beans. After completion of fermentation, the beans are cleansed with considerable amounts of fresh water in order to eradicate the residue after fermentation. Then, the beans are dried. Consequently, sorting of coffee is performed. The coffee, after sorting, is labeled as green coffee (Kummer, 37 ). The second stage involves the roasting. Roasting is an important determinant since it influences the beverage’s taste by physically and chemically changing the coffee bean. This is because the weight of the bean decreases as moisture is misplaced and the volume increases making it less dense. Moreover, the bean’s density manipulates the potency of coffee and the prerequisites for packaging. The process commences when the beans’ temperature reach approximately 200 degrees, though different bean varieties roast at special rates. During roasting, the extreme heat splits starches inside the bean altering them to sugars that start to brown hence changing the bean color. In the process, oils such as caffeol, which are liable for coffee’s fragrance and taste (Kummer, 65). The third stage involves brewing of the roasted coffee. In this stage, grounding and brewing of coffee beans occurs to generate a beverage. The specification for choosing a method incorporates flavor and economy. Most methods of coffee preparation require the grounding of beans mixed with hot water to extract the flavor. The roastery is the place where coffee is roasted, grounded and put up for sale in a packaged form. Grounding occurs in different ways. A burr grinder can be used to cut off the bean, a pestle and mortar to crush the beans and a blade grinder to cut the beans. However, most brewing methods utilize the burr grinder method. Coffee may also be brewed by various methods such as boiling, steeping or pressurizing. Boiling is done by pounding the beans to powder then putting it into water and boiling it in a pot. Steeping is done by a coffee press whereby both water and coffee are left to brew in a cylindrical vessel for few minutes. Then, a filter is pushed down to push do wn the coffee grounds. Pressurizing utilizes the espresso method to force water through the coffee grounds (Kummer, 160). The final stage, serving, involves serving the coffee in different ways. Mostly, coffee is provided as white coffee through the addition of milk. Coffee can also be availed as black coffee sweetened by incorporating sugar. Coffee can also be served cold, hence the term, iced coffee. Serving coffee also utilizes presentations. For instance, espresso is served solely with hot water. In other forms of espresso, milk is added, whereby steamed milk creates a caffe latte while equivalent parts of froth and steamed milk create cappuccino. Coffee can also be included with alcohol. For instance, Irish coffee is coalesced with whiskey and structures the pedestal of coffee liquors such as Tia Maria (Kummer, 176). Environmental Impacts of Coffee Historically, coffee was planted under the cover of trees. The shade of trees offered a natural habitat for many living organisms such as insects and animals, positively influencing the biodiversity of a natural forest. The conventional farming practices involved the use of coffee pulp compost. The use of the compost enabled for the exclusion of chemicals and fertilizers. Additionally, bananas and fruit bearing trees were cultivated to provide shade for coffee plants, which granted surplus income and food safety. However, such environmental friendly practices ceased when the United States Agency for International Development and other organizations availed eighty million dollars to shift from natural methods to technical agriculture in Latin America. Technical agriculture led to the creation of farming practices that have a negative impact on the environment. One such method is sun cultivation. Sun cultivation involves growing coffee in rows under direct sun with modest or absent for est shade. This method enables the coffee to ripen quickly, and the coffee bushes to generate higher yields. However, the method requires extensive deforestation and increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides (Palm, 78). Such practices only damage the environment and lead to problems associated to health. Sun cultivation causes destruction of habitats, pollution due to pesticides and soil degradation. Additionally, the quality of coffee produced under the shade system is superior compared to the crops farmed under sun cultivation. The coffee processes also have a detrimental effect on the environment. The processing and sorting stages of coffee, which involve separation and de-pulping, lead to the pollution of rivers. The separation of the beans from the pulp leads to the fermentation of the beans. After fermentation, drying ensues leading to the accumulation of pulp remnants that are dumped as waste into rivers. The pulp dumped into the rivers leads to the death of aquati c life because pulp has the negative effect of oxygen depletion, which is essential for aquatic life. Coffee is among the most traded beverages in the global economy. By learning about the commodity, the processes affecting the production and supply are understood. Coffee, despite facilitating the culture and relations of diverse communities, is also a facilitator of health. The beverage is associated with low risks of cancer and liver disease in adults, increased performance in terms of memory and physical characteristics and increased attention. By learning about the commodity, it becomes simple to decipher the relationship between the producer and the consumer.

Learn About the Universal College Application

Learn About the Universal College Application While the Common Application is still the online application format of choice for the majority of colleges that do not use their own applications exclusively, a few dozen  schools have also begun to accept the Universal College Application. Some use this newer format exclusively or in addition to their own institutional application, but many accept both the Universal College Application and the Common Application, leaving the choice up to the applicant. So what’s the difference? The Common Application is accepted by nearly 700  colleges and universities across the country and internationally as of the 2016-2017 application cycle. About a third of these colleges are Common Application exclusive, meaning that they do not have a separate institutional application or accept applications in any other format. The Common Application actively originally promoted a philosophy of â€Å"equity, access, and integrity,† meaning that member colleges used a holistic approach to their application review process, taking into account letters of recommendation, the personal essay, and any other supplemental information provided by the student in addition to test scores and high school grades. This requirement, however, has eased recently as the Common Application works to bring more schools into the fold. The Universal College Application has never  promoted any specific philosophy or application requirements. Colleges must simply be accredited institutions that adhere to the National Association for College Admissions Counseling Statement of Principles of Good Practice in order to use the Universal College Application. Only 34 colleges and universities currently use this application, and they vary widely in size and prestige, including everything from Ivy League and other highly selective schools to small, private liberal arts colleges. Like the current Common Application, colleges on the Universal College Application do not have to require letters of recommendation or a personal essay. Most members do still require these elements, but some, including the Milwaukee School of Engineering, the University of Tampa, and Nazareth College, have chosen to make the personal essay optional. But even for the majority of schools who do require an essay, the Universal College Application does not have specific prompts. The personal essay can be on any topic the student chooses (an option that was eliminated from the Common Application in 2013) as long as it’s no longer than 650 words. Aside from these differences, these two applications are fairly similar. Both ask the same basic questions on biographical and family information, academic records, and extracurricular activities, and there aren’t many significant differences in the format of the applications- which isn’t too surprising, as they were, in fact, created by the same company, Applications Online. But will using a different application put you ahead of the pack during the application review and admissions process? As far as most colleges are concerned, no. According to the Princeton admissions office, â€Å"We view the two applications as equivalent and treat them equally. Please feel free to submit whichever application you prefer. Cornell, another Ivy that accepts both formats, takes a similar stance. From their admissions website: â€Å"Although there are slight differences in the applications, it is important to recognize that both applications provide us with the critical information that our selection committees will need to make thoughtful admissions decisions, and they will be viewed equally.† At the end of the day, both applications serve the same purpose: to help the admissions office decide if you’re a good fit for their school. But if you’re still unsure of which application to use, here are a few more fast facts that might tip the scales in favor of one or the other: Looking to get a head start on the application process? The Universal College Application launches a month earlier than the Common Application, on July 1 rather than August 1.If you’re applying to a number of schools, keep in mind that the Common Application has more than 650 member colleges compared to the Universal College Application’s 34, so the odds are much better that most, if not all, of the colleges on your list accept it. Make a list of all of your colleges and which applications they accept; if only one or two are on the Universal College Application, it will certainly save you some time to stick to the Common Application.The Universal College Application has a few additional features that may appeal to the technologically savvy applicants out there. It is compatible with most tablets and mobile devices, so you can edit your application on the go. Also, if you have a website or other online content that you’d like to share with the schools you’r e applying to, this application has a section to add those links. (Do yourself a favor, though, and leave the link to your Facebook out of that section.) Ultimately, whether you apply to your dream school via the Common Application, the Universal College Application, or the college’s own institutional application, the most important decision you should be making during the process is not the paper (or website) you put the information on, but how to present yourself in the best possible light to tell the college who you are and why you’d be a great addition to their student body. Also, with the Common Application loosening the restrictions on its membership and with the emergence of the new Coalition Application, the future of the Universal College Application is uncertain. While the other two applications have been gaining members, the Universal College Application lost a dozen members in the past couple of years. As of the 2016-2017 admissions cycle, 34 colleges and universities accept the Universal College Application, ranging from highly selective Ivy League institutions to small, private liberal arts colleges and research universities. Any accredited institution that adheres to the National Association for College Admissions Counseling Statement of Principles of Good Practice is permitted to use the Universal College Application. The following is a list of schools that currently accept the Universal College Application. Click on a school for more information including admissions requirements, SAT and ACT data, costs and financial aid, and more. American University in Bulgaria  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   AUBG official website Beloit College        Ã‚  Location: Beloit, Wisconsin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beloit College Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Beloit College Bryant University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Smithfield, Rhode Island  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bryant University Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Bryant University University of Charleston  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Charleston, West Virginia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Official UC website The University of Chicago  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Chicago, Illinois  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University of Chicago Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for the University of Chicago Cornell University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Ithaca, New York  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cornell University Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Cornell Fisher College  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Boston, Massachusetts  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fisher College Profile Harvard University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Harvard University Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Harvard Johns Hopkins University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Baltimore, Maryland  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Johns Hopkins University Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for JHU Johnson Wales University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Providence, Rhode Island  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Johnson Wales University Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for JWU Lake Erie College  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Location: Painesville, Ohio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Erie College Profile Landmark College  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Putney, Vermont  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Landmark College Profile Lawrence Technological University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Southfield, Michigan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lawrence Tech Profile Lynn University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Boca Raton, Florida  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lynn University Profile Milwaukee School of Engineering  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Milwaukee, Wisconsin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MSOE Profile Nazareth College  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Rochester, New York  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nazareth College Profile Newberry College  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Newberry, South Carolina  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Newberry College Profile Notre Dame of Maryland University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Baltimore, Maryland  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   NDMU Profile Princeton University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Princeton, New Jersey  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Princeton University Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Princeton Randolph College  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Location: Lynchburg, Virginia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Randolph College Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Randolph College Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Troy, New York  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   RPI Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for RPI Rhodes College  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Location: Memphis, Teennessee  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rhodes College Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Rhodes College Rice University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Houston, Texas  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rice University Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Rice Rochester Institute of Technology  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Location: Rochester, New York  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  University of Rochester Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for U of R University of Rochester  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Rochester, New York  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rochester Institute of Technology Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for RIT Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Location: Savannah, Georgia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Savannah College of Art and Design  Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for SCAD Southern Vermont College  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Bennington, Vermont  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SVC Profile University of Tampa  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Tampa, Florida  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University of Tampa Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for the University of Tampa Thiel College  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Location: Greenville, Pennsylvania  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thiel College Profile Utica College  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Utica, New York  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Utica College Profile Vanderbilt University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Nashville, Tennessee  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vanderbilt University Profile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Vanderbilt Wentworth Institute of Technology  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Boston, Massachusetts  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wentworth Profile Wilson College  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Chambersburg, Pennsylvania  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wilson College Profile University of Wyoming  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location: Laramie, Wyoming  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University of Wyoming Profile Check out this list for colleges that accept the Common Application.

New Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New Media - Essay Example With all the praises heaped on the ability of the Internet to empower people, the facts tell us a different story. In 1999, an investigation by the United Nations Development Program found that only 2.5% of the world’s population was connected to the Internet and approximately one quarter of the digitally connected in the world resided in one country – the United States. (cited in Buckingham & Willett 2006, p. 252) More recently, sobering global statistics report have been published by the International Telecommunications Union that of the 141 million Internet hosts across the globe, 106.2 are in the United States and a mere 0.274 million in Africa. (p. 252) Furthermore, while the new media, particularly in the area of information technology, provides us enabling benefits, it is important to underscore that technological developments are themselves shaped by socially bound perceptions of the needs, interests, and purposes that technology serves. According to Judy Wajcman, â€Å"technology is always a form of social knowledge, practices and products. It is the result of conflicts and compromises, the outcomes of which depend primarily on the distribution of power and resources between different groups in society. (cited in Goggin & Newell 2003, p. 3) The growing primacy of commercial motivations for the Internet over access is a case in point. The information superhighway, write James Everett Katz and Ronald E. Rice, is little more than a new medium for corporate American to control and profit from. They argued that the principle behind the national information infrastructure was grounded in privatization and commercialization. (p. 24) Here, access to information is no longer a central presumption of human needs essential to citizenship; rather, consumer interests have become the fundamental requirement in order for the evaluation of the performance of social systems. The technologies that are tagged with

Essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Essays - Essay Example He is able indeed, as Aristotle claimed, to show that â€Å"causes were abstract essences that could be found through logical deduction† (Blair Bolles, 1997: p88). Crito blames himself for not doing more to save his friend, but he is motivated more by what others will think because he has not spent enough money to keep his friend safe. His appeals to Socrates are emotive, and suggest that Socrates should consider his own life as greater than reason and logic. Socrates losing his children and his seeming cowardice are raised by Crito in this attempt at persuasion, while the possibility of leaving, facilitated by Crito’s connections, is highlighted to tempt Socrates. Throughout, the power of the majority to do harm is emphasized, and Crito expects Socrates to be very aware of their power over his own life. As his opening point against this persuasion, Socrates presents the contention that the opinions of the majority in the society are at least secondary to the opinions of the reasonable. Despite Crito’s claim that the majority needs to be considered, since it has most power over the life of Socrates at that moment, Socrates continues to believe that the value of a reasoned and logical decision is greater than the value of a popularly held opinion. He contends that the majority cannot always hold sway as good sense is not determined by the number of the people following a particular way of thinking but rather by the value of the thinking itself: it needs to be reasoned and logical. Socrates then develops this line of reasoning to argue that it is valid to recognize that some opinions have more worth than others. Opinions which favor the good are superior to those that favor the bad. When wise people have opinions, they are necessarily good – foolish people will thus have opinions favoring the bad. He then uses an analogy to strengthen this logic. The

Extinction Essay Example for Free

Extinction Essay Extinction is a natural selection process. Should humans strive to preserve a representative sample of all biomes or aquatic zones? I personally believe that we are already preserving when it comes to wondering if we are going to become extincted. We as human have a hard time not reproducing, this meaning most humans that become married usually begin having children within the first 5 years of their marriage if they haven’t married and already have children. This being said we may not leave an carbon copy of ourselves but we are leaving genies that we carry as well as tradition and legacies that we uphold. We has humans don’t understand the importance of preserving things, we are so focused on who has more than the other or who is worth more than the other that it never dawns on us that one day humans can be a thing of the past. Looking at the most important things of life now with is preserving and growth of things we are currently involved in. Keeping the world a better place to live in so that we are in a good environment to continue preserving the things we need. Why should humans be concerned with the extinction rate? We should be concerned with the extinction and try and preserve the biomes and ecosystems that are present. Over time the ecosystem and biomes have evolved changed in some form or fashion that will leave us in difference from this particular time now. It’s important to have something to be able to look back on for information and or instructions on how to change things that we as human may make a mistake and mess up.

Prohibition Essay example -- essays research papers

Prohibition, A Complete Failure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prohibition had become an issue long before its eventual induction as the 18th amendment in 1920. Organizations came about for the sole purpose of an alcohol free America. In 1833, an estimated one million Americans belonged to some type of temperance association (Behr 12). Many believed the absence of alcohol would help the poor as well as big business. Lower class people would put more money into savings accounts and productivity would increase among workers (Hanson 27). More importantly the â€Å"noble experiment†Ã¢â‚¬â€was undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, and improve the health and hygiene in America† (Thorton 1). Although gangsters of the 1920’s were notorious for their violent turf wars,â€Å"the fundamental problem with prohibition was that an increasing percentage of American citizens refused to uphold the law† (Hanson 40). Not only did crime increase, ironically, prohibition turned ordinary citizens into lawbreakers. â€Å"In San Francisco, a jury trying a prohibition case was found drinking up the liquor that had been used in court as evidence† (Edey 154). In Texas, shortly after the start of prohibition,† a still turning out 130 gallons of whiskey a day was found operating on the farm of Senator Morris Shepard, author of the 18th Amendment†(Edey 154). â€Å"Americans bought machines for distilling liquor, called stills, at the hardware store.† (Hanson 28). Even if they did not know how to use them they easily get the information from the public library (Hanson28). Everything you could imagine was put into use to make liquor, even bathtubs (Hanson 28). â€Å"In fact, bathtub gin became a common term to describe during the decade† (Hanson28). â€Å"Doctors and druggists were legally allowed to dispense alcohol as medicine† (Hanson 34). â€Å"An average of 10 million prescriptions were issued each year during the thirteen years prohibition was in effect† (Hanson 34). In summary, ordinary citizens were consuming alcohol, an illegal act. They were making alcoholic beverages. They were getting doctors to prescribe alcohol for them under questionable circumstances making the medical profession their accomplice. Somebody had to satisfy the need for alcohol to an eager nation. This is where the rise in organized crime came in. â€Å"For the first time the United States experienced a massive ... ...e or prohibition agents zeroed-in on breweries, Capone was forewarned and hastily converted the targeted facilities to production of near-beer (Heimel 38). As one example of the amount of money changing hands, consider George Remus. He was one of the most profitable, if not the most profitable, bootlegger of the 1920’s. Out of the estimated $40,000,000 a year that he made, half of it went for bribes and payoffs (Behr 104). Prohibition has been called the â€Å"noble experiment† that failed (Hanson 26, 27). One of the reasons behind its monumental failure is that it made criminals of ordinary citizens. Decent, hardworking people broke the law simply because they took a drink of alcohol. And what a drink they took, consumption went from .8 to 1.3 gallons per capita between 1919 and 1929 (Thornton 2). To support this heavy demand for booze criminal gangs became more organized and ruthless, protected by corrupt officials. Corruption dramatically increased in prohibition. And who were people that were corrupted? Ordinary citizens were corrupted, who before prohibition, were decent, law abiding individuals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Julio Nakpil Essay

Julio Nakpil was born as one of twelve children to a well-off family in Quiapo district of Manila. His parents withdrew him from formal schooling after two years and had him look over the family stable. Julio educated himself at home and eventually learned how to play the piano as was proper for traditional families during the time. His skill at the piano earned him an audience with the affluent, and later inspired him to compose his first piece – a polka – in 1888. Julio later became a piano teacher and composed regularly. Philippine Revolution Further information: Philippine Revolution During the Philippine Revolution, Julio served as a commander for revolutionary troops in the northern Philippines under Andrà ©s Bonifacio. Many of Julio’s compositions during this time were inspired directly by the Revolution. Julio also composed a candidate for the Philippine national anthem preferred by Bonifacio but was ultimately rejected for Lupang Hinirang. After Emilio Aguinaldo allegedly ordered Bonifacio executed, Nakpil claimed to have received threats on his own life as well as that of General Antonio Luna, the latter ending up betrayed and executed by Aguinaldo’s men. Later life After the Revolution, Nakpil fell in love with and eventually married Bonifacio’s widow Gregoria de Jesà ºs. They moved to Manila and raised six children, one of whom married the architect Carlos Santos-Viola. Julio continued to compose until his death in 1960. Before his death he also contributed to a book on his life that was published by his heirs in 1964. In his memoirs titled ‘Apuntes Sobre la Revolucià ³n Filipina (Notes on the Philippine Revolution), Nakpil wrote â€Å"I swear before God and before History that everything related in these notes is the truth and I entreat the historian not to publish this until after my death.† On page 30 of his memoirs can be found Nakpil’s notes on the death of Bonifacio, and on page 130 is his account of the assassination of Antonio Luna where Nakpil wrote â€Å"When General A. Luna was dastardly assassinated on the stairs of the Convent of Kabanatuan and already fallen on the ground, the mother of Emilio Aguina ldo looked out the window and asked: ‘Ano, humihinga pa ba?'(So, is he still breathing?)† On pages 157-158, Nakpil wrote of Aguinaldo, â€Å"Emilio Aguinaldo’s surrender to the Americans was a cowardly act. There was no doubt that he coveted the presidency. He surrendered for fear that others more competent than he would occupy the post of president of the Republic. Had he fought with his captors, regardless of whether he succumbed so that he might be considered a hero, at least to vindicate his crimes, by this time we would be admiring a monument to the second hero of the Philippines, unlike what he did delivering himself as prisoner and afterward taking an oath of allegiance to the American flag. The crimes he committed against Andrà ©s Bonifacio and Antonio Luna, and his attempt to assassinate the undersigned [Julio Nakpil] should be condemned by history, and Universal Freemasonry ought to expel him and declare him a spurious son. The coward finds many dangers where none exist!† The house where Nakpil and de Jesà ºs lived, known as â€Å"Bahay Nakpil†, still stands in Quiapo and is maintained by his heirs as a museum that also offers walking tours of Quiapo and other special events and doubles as a performance area. â€Å"Bahay Nakpil† is the only Spanish-style building left standing in Quiapo. Julian Felipe Julià ¡n Felipe (January 28, 1861 – October 2, 1944), was the composer of the music of the Filipino national anthem, formerly known as â€Å"Marcha Nacional Magdalo†, now known as Lupang Hinirang.[1] Early life He was born in Cavite City, Cavite. A dedicated music teacher and composer, he was appointed by then-President Emilio Aguinaldo as Director of the National Band of the First Philippine Republic. He died in Manila. He studied at a public school in Cavite and Binondo, Manila for his primary education. At an early age, he showed his talent in music. He also learned how to play the piano and the organ. Later, He became an organist in St. Peter’s Parish Church. As an organist, Felipe was given the chance to hone his gift. Soon after he was composing songs. Among his early popular compositions were Moteti el Santesisimo, Sintos y Floras Rogodones, Amorita Danza and Reina de Cavite (In honor of Nuestra Seà ±ora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga). He impressed many music enthusiasts with the said pieces. Though still young, his works were already at par with the seasoned musicians. In recognition of his remarkable contributions in the field of music, he was given awards and accolades. Involvement in the Philippine Revolution When the revolution broke out, Julian joined his fellow Cavitenos who fought against the Spaniards. He was arrested and jailed at Fort San Felipe in Cavite. When freed, he again joined Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo’s troop. He composed nationalistic songs that inspired his compatriots to continue fighting against the Spaniards. A bust of Felipe can be found in Cavite City, located near San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite. National Anthem Gen. Aguinaldo asked him to provide a stirring composition to be played in the historic proclamation of Philippine independence. His composition ‘Marcha Nacional Filipina’, played on June 12, 1898 in Aguinaldo’s home in Kawit, was adopted as the Philippine national anthem on September 5, 1938. Later life Julian and his wife Irene Tapia had four daughters and a son. Julian died on October 2, 1944, at age of 83. Nicanor Abelardo Nicanor Sta. Ana Abelardo (February 7, 1893 – March 21, 1934) was a Filipino composer known for his Kundiman songs, especially before the Second World War. Life Abelardo was born in San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan. His mother belonged to a family of artists in Guagua, the Hensons. He was introduced to music when he was five years old, when his father taught him the solfeggio and the banduria. At the age of 8, he was able to compose his estoryahe first work, a waltz entitled â€Å"Ang Unang Buko,† which was dedicated to his grandmother. At the age of 13, he was already playing at saloons and cabarets in Manila. At age 15, he was already teaching in barrio schools in San Ildefonso and San Miguel Bulacan. All of these happened even before young Abelardo finally took up courses under Guy F. Harrison and Robert Schofield at the UP Conservatory of Music in 1916. By 1924, following a teacher’s certificate in science and composition received in 1921, he was appointed head of the composition department at the Conservatory. Years later, he ran a boarding school for young musicians, and among his students were National Artist Antonino Buenaventura, Alfredo Lozano and Lucino Sacramento. In the field of composition he is known for his redefinition of the kundiman, bringing the genre to art-song status. Among his works were â€Å"Nasaan Ka Irog,† â€Å"Magbalik Ka Hirang,† and â€Å"Himutok.† He died in 1934 at the age of 41, leaving a collection of more than 140 works.[1] As a composition major at the University of the Philippines, he also composed the melody for the university’s official anthem, U.P. Naming Mahal. The building housing the College of Music in UP Diliman (Abelardo Hall) is named in his honor.[2] The Main theatre of the Cultural Center of the Philippines is named in his honor ( Tanghalang Nicanor Abelardo).. Ernani Cuenco Ernani Joson Cuenco (May 10, 1936) was a Filipino composer,[1] film scorer, musical director and music teacher. He wrote an outstanding and memorable body of works that resonate with the Filipino sense of musicality and which embody an ingenious voice that raises the aesthetic dimensions of contemporary Filipino music. Cuenco played with the Filipino Youth Symphony Orchestra and the Manila Symphony Orchestra from 1960 to 1968, and the Manila Chamber Soloists from 1966 to 1970. He completed a music degree in piano and cello from the University of Santo Tomas where he also taught for decades until his death in 1988. His songwriting credits include â€Å"Nahan, Kahit na Magtiis,† and â€Å"Diligin Mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw na Lupa,† â€Å"Pilipinas,† â€Å"Inang Bayan,† â€Å"Isang Dalangin,† â€Å"Kalesa,† â€Å"Bato sa Buhangin† and â€Å"Gaano Kita Kamahal.† The latter song shows how Cuenco enriched the Filipino love ballad by adding the elements of kundiman to it.

Juvie Three Essay

Imagine that you have stolen a car and got away to help your brother get away from the crime scene where he stole some video games. Then while you are driving after the getaway the car flips over and you wake up behind rusted bars in an orange jumpsuit. Going to juvie is tough for this 14 year old and 2 others but their second chance has luckily come. They are all offered to get out of juvie by Douglas Healy. The three boys have to live in apartment with him in NYC and they have to go to school, work, be involved in a community service and attend therapy sessions. One slipup and they are back to juvie. Terrence, one of the 3 boys tries to escape through the emergency escape but Arjay, another one of the boys, and Gecko stop him and get into an argument. Healy comes and tries to settle it down but falls over and hits the ground unconscious. The boys steal a car and rush him to a hospital. Stealing the car was something they would get sent back to juvie for, so they try to play it off that Healy is still with them even though he has lost his memory and is in the hospital. As they do that they get away from the cops chasing them when breaking Healy out. He regains memory when they are in a battle with the worst gang in NY. Three versus five man battle they were outnumbered. But the cops spot the action on the emergency escape and stop it. Gecko put the car back exactly where he found it after he stole it and they broke out Healy because of all the right reasons even though it was wrong so they are home free. Well not Terence, Gecko, and Arjay but they don’t go to juvie.

Technical Writing Essays

Technical Writing Essays Technical Writing Essay Technical Writing Essay Technical Writing Name: Course: Institution: Instructor: Date: Technical Writing 1). Proposal To: XYZ company To: Manager From: Human Resource Date: Subject: Proposal to write a Bureaucracy Elimination Guide Introduction I am writing to propose writing a manual of procedures and instructions of eliminating bureaucracy within the organization to be followed by all the employee of this company. This manual is going to lay down instructions that can be used to move from a bureaucratic structure in the organization to a devolved one that allows faster decisions making, implementation of strategies, as well as allowing innovations and facilitating time efficiency to improve production and performance of the organization as well as a reduction of costs. Definition of the situation Having a manual of procedures would solve several problems such as the following that have reduced performance of the company: Unnecessary workloads in the company due to many processes Dissatisfaction among the internal and external customers Sluggish implementation of operations, ideas and decisions Monotony among workers When there are unnecessary processes within the company, there is wastage of valuable time that could be used for more production. Production is achieved through a number of processes, which are assigned to different people across the whole company. It is necessary that all processes within the company be designed to add value to the company’s products and reduce wastage of time. Although attempts to go through the processes faster have been made, we still waste a lot of time with them. Too many processes that increase workloads cause dissatisfaction among workers or internal customers, who in turn extend their dissatisfaction to the external customers. When there are too many workloads that hinder workers from getting the work done, it takes time to serve the customers, who are left quite disappointed. When there are many processes that increase the workload for the workers only manage to do very little with too much effort, hence there are minimal achievements. When there is need to implement new ideas and operations for the betterment of the company, it becomes almost impossible because of processes put in place. There are too many hierarchical authorities within the company, and too many paperwork, and meeting to check that all rules and procedures have been followed to the letter. This makes it hard to implement any change or new idea to the company since the process is too long and unnecessary. Too many processes such as paperwork and authorities require handing in everything for approval, which makes it a routine even for very simple operations. Repeating the same operations everyday and going through many processes that are unnecessary builds up monotony among the workers, taking down their morale to work. More so, they lack any authority to act on themselves, further lowering their morale since they are only there to follow rules and procedures. Objectives The manual of procedures will provide employees and the management of the company with easy to follow steps in reducing the bureaucracy that has bound our company, preventing it from performing. Eliminate unnecessary processes that build up unnecessary workloads Increase satisfaction among the internal and external customers Increase the speed of implementing decisions, ideas and programs Eliminate monotony among workers and create a devolved hierarchy of authority. Through following the manual of processes will lead to a better company with a chance of growing fast and creating better working environment for the workers to satisfy customers, and even a culture that encourages innovation. Proposed Table of Contents Through relying on my extensive experience and a vast range of skills and knowledge, I will write a manual of processes to be followed to eliminate bureaucracy. The manual is going to have several sections as follows: Identifying and defining all the tasks involved with getting results Rank the tasks according to their priorities Finding the shortest root to the result Eliminating the unnecessary paperwork Reducing the processes/ eliminating some of the processes Delegating authority across the company Making decisions Focusing on actions instead of processes Among the sections, there will be subsections with much more detailed information for specific operations and processes. Schedule The manual will require several tasks to acquire the necessary information, which shall include: **Carrying out interviews with department managers and supervisors ** Getting more information from workers concerning the operations and processes as well as work itself ** Gathering information from previously written rules and regulations concerning the current procedures and policies of the company Gathering information from other competing companies concerning their processes for benchmarking** **Writing the fast rough draft of the manual** **Formatting and editing the draft** **Testing the draft through issuing it to few professionals for review and comments** **Revising the draft to include any necessary changes suggested** **Printing the draft** **Producing a final copy for submission** I intend to submit the manual of processes on March 28, 2012. The following is a breakdown of the timeline of the tasks involved and their completion dates Writing the fast rough draft: Feb 25-22 Formatting and editing the draft: Feb 26- 29 Testing of the draft: March 5-10 Revising the draft: March 12-16 Printing the Draft: March 19- 23 Producing the final copy for submission: March 25-26 Submitting a final draft: March 28 Qualifications There is no person better qualified to write this manual than I am. Having worked for more than seven years in this company within several positions, I have experienced the effect of having bureaucratic systems in the organization. I have experience in writing technical papers of about 18 month, which I gained before joining this company. In addition, I am very proficient in the Microsoft word publisher, which I will use to write the manual. In addition, I am well equipped with the necessary facilities for the project, considering I have a personal computer and printer at home to work with and also at my office. Personnel I will be working closely with the overall supervisor, whom I believe has had a lot of experience from supervising all the departments and knows all the problems associated with each of them. He will also be involved in reviewing the draft considering e is among the supervisors. Budget The project will cost roughly a total sum of $1292 to complete, with the distribution of expenses as follows ItemAmount $Salary for writer (20 overtime hours @ $20)400.00Salary for 10 reviewers (5 hours each @ $17)850.00Printing fee for 25 pages @ $1.20 each page)30.00Binding fee @ $ 1212Total $1292 Conclusion This manual will assist all the managers and supervisors as well as workers in concentrating on action-oriented tasks that produce the results, than focusing on processes of ensuring rules are followed to the letter. Upon your approval, the manual can be complete for implementation by March 28, 2012 at a minimum cost of $1292. Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to hear from you. 2). Project Workshop Created by Human Resource Manager March 28, 2012 Table of Contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. IV Defining tasks †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Define processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Create project teams †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Sort processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Involve all people †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Identifying desired results †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Reviewing objectives and goals †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Identifying tasks for each results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Getting the shortest means †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 Ranking the tasks †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Identifying mandatory tasks †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Facilitating tasks †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Eliminating the unnecessary paperwork †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Identifying all the paper work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 Identifying repetitive paper work †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Paper work in between processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Automating paper work †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 Eliminating unnecessary processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Identifying unnecessary processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 Identifying which ones are needed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 Eliminating the processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.17 Delegating authority across the departments †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Selection of people to issue with authority †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Giving instructions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 Monitoring †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.20 Making decisions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦21 Defining the problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.21 Identifying a solution †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦22 Implementing the decision made †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..23 Focusing on actions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.24 Informing everybody †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.25 Eliminating obstacle †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..26 Make a plan †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.27 Build confidence †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.28 Motivate people †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.29 Introduction Looking at the history of this company when it was started, there were many rules and policies put in place. These rules and policies were meant to protect the company from fraud issues through reporting according to the policies and following the processes put in place to ensure every detailed operation is documented for security purposes. At the start of the company, almost five decades ago, this was seen as the best way of ensuring accountability of the workers. However, things have changed since other companies have been established and competition has stiffened. The newer companies adopted an organizational structure that advocates for innovations and seeking to serve the customers in a better way. They adopted a devolved structure and a central information center where every department can have access in order to make informed decisions. However, our company has remained in the old bureaucratic structure, where processes are given more priority, instead of results. We have con tinue to suffer loss of customers and market share, and coming up with strategies of solving such issues has been met with difficulties because of the policies and rules that have to be followed, ,making it hard and time consuming to implement them. Continuing with this kind of structure is only going to bring the company to its end in the next few years considering we are already starting to incur losses. This manual of processes seeks to solve these problems and ensure our company is back on track to compete like the others within the industry. The processes and rules within the company have become an end to themselves, instead of being means to get results done. We spend almost 65% of our time dealing with paperwork, waiting for approval and ensuring every operation is approved documented, including the simple tasks. More so, we are using rules and policies that were made long ago when the company started, while the policies within the market are so dynamic, changing everyday, while we only make very little change. It seems we are Mack timing around the same rules and policies. This manual provides processes that if followed will help us in eliminating the unnecessary rules, policies and processes within the tasks such as documenting different papers for different departments. The manual also provides processes that can be used to create a central information center, to ensure that al departments have access to information for informed decision-making. Currently, all decisions are made by your office, making it hard to do many tasks when you are unavailable. The manual has provided processes that can be used to overcome some of the unnecessary processes, how to identify them and eliminate them. It starts by providing specific way of identifying all the tasks that are carried out in the company to achieve results in the departments. This will then help identifying which tasks are more related to achieving the result, and separates them form paperwork and the rules. Then basic tasks of achieving the results are assessed to help in finding out what tasks are not necessary. The manual then looks at the processes undergone in production, from procurement to end results until delivery to the customers in order to find out what processes are not necessary and can be eliminated. The manual also addresses the issue of decision making within the company and the best way of delegating to enhance devolvement within the company. Defining all tasks This part will deal with the first step towards eliminating bureaucracy, which is defining all the tasks carried out within the company and the processes they have to go through before they are completed. Defining tasks The first step towards eliminating bureaucracy within our company is defining and identifying all the tasks carried out within the company before any result is achieved within the company in the departments. This can be done by asking all the employees to define what they do in a typical day, and the routine they take upon entering work in morning. defining processes Every process within the company needs to be defined at all the departments. Again, this should be done by the employees, who will define the processes they go through before a task is completed. This will help in identifying those processes that are not very important, or those that are repeated severally. create project teams The purpose of these project teams will be to help in the identification of what can pass as bureaucratic and what does not. These teams should be made across all departments to help in the process of this project. sorting the processes After identifying the tasks and processes within every task, the project team should come in to identify the most important processes and those of lesser importance, as well as those that can be done away with. To do this the teams will require representing the processes and actions in flow charts to have a visual of all the processes. This can be done through starting with the first process to every task, such as procurement, where processes start at seeking a quotation of goods required, to having them delivered in the stores department. involve all workers Considering the workers are the ones involved directly in the production work, they should be involved in identifying activities that are not very necessary. Those that can be dealt with in a better way that saves time and reduces processes, and those that are not necessary at all. In our company, majority of activities involve seeking approval, documenting almost all the activities and following procedures laid by the strict rules, which are not easily flexible. Such activities should be identified as less necessary to action. Through following this process, activities that can be dealt with in better ways can be identified, such as paper work can be reduced using computerized records. The process shall also help in identifying processes that can be eliminated in order to reduce the amount of workload. Identifying desired results In this section, desired results are the focus, with the aim being to know what the company would like to achieve. This way, tasks associated with achieving the desired results can be identified easily through looking at the goals and objectives of the company. Reviewing objectives and goals After identifying all the activities and tasks, all the desired results should also be identified. This can be done though reviewing the goals and objectives of the organizations that are already set, since they are the guidelines to the desired results. Identifying tasks for each results After identifying the desired results for the company, the tasks associated with each result should be identified. This should be done through looking at all the processes in every task, and aligning them with objectives. For instance, if the objective of production department is to increase production by 10%, they should look at what tasks should be done to meet this objective. Getting the shortest means After identification of tasks associated with each desired results, the shortest means to the result should be defined. This should be done through considering only actions that are directly involved in getting the results. This way, it will be easier to know what would be the shortest means to achieving the task. Some of the tasks can be done faster if some of the processes were eliminated to allow continuous work without interruption by paperwork. For instance, with the sales department, having to go through approvals is not necessary. The shortest route to selling goods to the customer is having a record of finished goods ready for sale. Then goods can be made available to the sales department, where customers only need to pay for the goods, and get them immediately while invoicing comes in later. After identifying the task, we should focus on getting it done, rather than focusing on following processes and rules that might make it harder to achieve the results. The shortest way should be sought. Ranking the tasks This part will deal with ranking the tasks and processes in the order of their importance in terms of achieving the result. After identifying and defining all the tasks and activities, representing them in a flow chart diagram, a ranking should be done of what tasks and activities come in fast, or those that are mandatory. Identifying mandatory tasks There are some tasks that are mandatory, or the basic ones concerning production of results, which provide the company with revenues such as production itself. Activities associated directly should be ranked as first. facilitating tasks Other tasks that have to be there are those facilitating auditing and records keeping for accounts and finance department. The organization should define what the goals of the company are in order to find out what tasks are more important. Some record keeping has to be there for the purpose of administration, management and finance as well as auditing purposes. Within these processes, the most important among them should be ranked first. However, some can be done in better ways such as making records at specified times. Eliminating the unnecessary paperwork This section deals with the elimination of paper work, which is one of the time consuming activities that can be dealt with through other means. Identifying all the paper work All the paper work in every process and task should be identified and put down in a flow diagram as the first step. Identifying repetitive paper work Some paper works are repeated severally for purposes of records in all the administration departments. They should be identified as some of the paper work to be eliminated. Paper work in between processes any paper work that comes in between the basic processes or activities meant to get work done should either be eliminated if not necessary, or should be dealt with using other means Automating paper work Some of the paper work require filling in several forms that carry the same information to be used within the different departments. Such paper work can be avoided through having an online or offline recording of data, where every department can have access to the information they require from the different departments. This would mean having a central database where all data is stored. This way, a process that involves filling in several forms with the same information can be eliminated since a computerized storage can be duplicated easily without time wastage. One form entered through the computer can be shared or re-used by all departments through re-entering the data easily than having to fill out forms manually. More so this will reduce irreversible errors involved with paperwork since with a computer it can be corrected. Automating paperwork will reduce time wastage by a big margin. Elimination of most of the paper work will be equal to part of eliminating unnecessary processes at every task. More so, automated paper work can replace almost all the paper work except where a signature is required. Eliminating unnecessary processes This part concentrates on the elimination of some of the processes that might not be necessary. There are several processes to every task in the company, with most involving several approvals before the next activity is done. Within this approvals there is a lot of paper work where signing has to be done. There are many steps and rules put across for every task, and all make it hard to complete work in time. identifying unnecessary processes For those processes that cannot stop the actual work from going on when they are not done as the action goes on, should be identified and marked. identifying which one are needed Some of these processes may not be needed, especially those that are repeated several times. After delegating authority, approval processes should be eliminated from the higher management for most of the usual operations. Such processes should be identified eliminating the processes For those that are identified as unnecessary, they should be eliminated as long as they add no value to the results or operations within the company. Some of those that are repeated severally can be dealt with through other means. For instance, those requiring approval of the higher offices can be done once upon completion of a task instead of approval at every progress. This should be done by involvement of the teams appointed. While going through these processes, one can ask why they have to do them, and whether they are necessary. Several approvals at every stage can be avoided through allowing one approval of a certain task if it has to remain. Delegating authority across the departments This section focuses on delegation of authority, where people should be empowered in the various departments across several positions to ensure authority is not so much centralized. The management office has become blockage, where everything has to be approved before anything moves ahead. Many project and operations are paused while waiting for your approval. Many paper works requiring approval wait at your office, and when you are not available, many things seem to stop. In addition, some operations requiring several approvals seem to be coming back to your office several times, creating more delays. To enable fast and continuous flow of work, it will be necessary to delegate authority across the departments to ensure that decisions can be made at the lowest level possible where the actual work is happening. This will involve: Selection of people to issue with authority Within the different departments and positions, there should be selected a person to lead each team. The selected people should be among those with experience and leadership skills to lead the rest. Giving instructions: Giving instructions to the selected personnel on what to do in every situation will ensure people do not just use their imagination upon receiving authority. More so, this will ensure they are accountable and responsible. Monitoring: After giving authority to the selected people at different positions, monitoring should be done. Monitoring can be done to ensure instructions are well utilized and understood by everybody including those who will be under the selected people. After ensuring they know how to use the authority, allow more authority to enable them work independently while reporting their work at scheduled times. Making decisions This sections concerns making of decisions within the company, where despite being moved lower to the actual work, should not be delayed. All decisions should be made as need arises, without delaying. Delayed decisions make things even slower, since nothing can go on without a decisions having been made. Defining the problem The first step in making decisions is defining what the problem is. This helps in knowing how it can be dealt with since its impact is already known. Identifying a solution After defining the problem, several solutions can come up. Then a review of the solutions should be done to ensure the best option of found, one with least repercussions, but with best results. Implementing the decision made After identification of the best solution to the problem, implementation of the decision made should not be delayed even for a while. Rather, people within the problem area should be given the authority to implement it immediately. During decision-making, they should be involved too. Using this method ensures there is a sure way of making decisions, and not just by one person, but a team that has better capability of making the decisions faster without delay. For decisions that can be made without your presence, acting on them immediately as they arise would be best for everybody, to ensure continuous flow of work. With this kind of process in decision-making, it will be possible to eliminate delays and bureaucratic processes requiring approval from the highest office. In addition, people near the action have better information that is needed for making the decisions. Focusing on actions This section is on focusing on action rather than processes that waste time within the company having to go through so many. When there is more focus on actions than processes and documentation, there is more production and performance. informing everybody Upon deciding on focusing on action, or making it the first priority, all members of the organization should be informed to take more actions than focusing on processes. eliminating obstacle Any obstacle or distractions that come in the way of result-oriented actions should not be considered as top priority, but dealt with after action is already done with. This can be done through focusing on first priority activities, and those that are marked as less important should be tackled later. make a plan For every action that is supposed to be done by a particular person, there must be a plan that helps in organizing the way to go about the actions of the day. Many people waste time due to lack of planning their day. Everybody should be having a plan of the actions to do in a day, putting the first priority activities first, and the rest later, or in an organized way such as time for actions, and some time for documenting all the action together rather than having to document each action at a time. build confidence Many people will hesitate in doing something that is not approved for fear of losing their jobs or receiving punishment in case, they go wrong. The employee confidence should be built up, which can be done through giving them some more training on working independently. More so, this should also come in together with delegated authority to people holding important positions at the lower levers to allow easy decision making. motivate people To make it clear that actions are the first priority, motivations such as rewarding and appraising should be used for those who perform well, such as getting promotion. This will send a message that actions are more proffered than following long procedures and paper work. With focus on action, more production will be achieved from the time saved. Te appointed teams for this project should be involved through out the processes to ensure that the change does not occur at top only, but to every body in the organization in order to change the whole company. At the end of this process, bureaucratic processes shall be eliminated, and the important ones dealt in a better way. This will allow faster decisions and implementation since such decisions will be made at the lower levels that are concerned with the actual work. 3) Letter of Transmittal To: Angela ChiltonAssistant Professor of EnglishTarrant County College, Northwest Campus4801 Marine Creek ParkwayFort Worth, Texas 76179 Dear Angela: In responding to our agreement on the start of the previous month, I am submitting the fully completed manual of processes, which is entitled A Guide to Eliminating Bureaucracy at XYZ Company. The purpose of this manual is to act as a guide in eliminating bureaucratic structures and processes within XYZ Company in order to enhance efficiency. This manual provides explanations of processes that can be followed to ensure a smooth transition from the bureaucratic processes, to an action-oriented company geared towards achieving competitive results. In addition, the manual also provides explanation on how to reduce some of the processes within the company that end up taking much of the time yet they are not action oriented, hence pulling down performance. Finally, it gives a few guidelines on how to change the way the company deals with some of its processes to make them less time consuming as well as efficient. The project was in response to the falling performance of the company, which needed to restructure itself back to profit making, or else it would be shut down in few coming years. There were very strict rules within the company that acted as an end to them selves instead of means to achieving results. In addition, there was very little authority at the lower level where it was needed the most, leading to workers having to seek approval; of almost all their activities. The project gives guidelines of how to delegate authority to empower people to act independently, which I believe encourages innovations since people can use their imagination tailored to the needs of the company. In addition, many people do not love paper work, rather, action is more interesting for them, hence with authority, which everybody would love to have action is more guaranteed considering some of the tedious workloads are eliminated. In completing this project, I enjoyed a few things in the process of writing the manual. One time was during interviews with workers who were quite dissatisfied with their work place because of unnecessary processes, and being just subjects to rules ad regulations. Most of them described their work with such sarcasm that only made it enjoyable, other making fun of their typical day, citing they act just like bees, moving from one office to the other with papers, but unlike bees, there was hardly any significant amount of honey made from these trips. Completing this project improved my skills as a writer greatly, considering that I had a lot of hard times starting with the real work of writing, especially selecting a topic that I would enjoy. I realized that introduction is one of the hard things to write but upon writing it, everything else comes easily. As a writer, I can now complete other project without much difficulty, considering towards the end I all the work was progressing with ease, knowing what words will come next and having a clear flow of mind during writing. Above all else, my manual in the company was received with mixed reactions form all sides. For the top management, parting with power was hard, and supported all ideas except delegation. However, through persuasion that without authority at lower level there will be no change, the top management too, received the manual warmly. On the other hand, the workers at lower level, especially those involved in the actual work were quite happy to know that some processes might be eliminated. In general, is helping the organization in shedding off the bureaucracy. Currently, production and performance has shown signs of improvement as the workers start to embrace the ideas gradually, through at a good pace. In case of any questions concerning the project, I am available to answer all of them as well as make clarifications that you might need. I can be contacted through my usual email, telephone number as well as my cell phone, which are as following: Yours sincerely Signature: Name: